What is the most important difference between generic software product development and custom software development? What are the four important attributes that all professional software should have? What is the difference between a software process model and a software process? Suggest two ways in which a. Sites for users to download recent product information. This is one of the important differences between professional and amateur soft- ware development. If you are writing. Software engineers are concerned with developing software products (i.e., soft. More and more systems are now being built with a generic product.

Our popular software testing questions and answers series is back again! Just to remind – in this series we answer questions asked by the readers. You can check some earlier posts in this series and. Got a question? Submit it in the comment section below or use the contact form. In today’s article in this series, we are going to answer (with examples) some most commonly asked (and confusing) questions about the difference between test plan, test strategy, test case, test script, test scenario and test condition. These questions are asked by ““.

“We almost have an overload of technical terms when working in an IT environment. There are processes, documents, tasks and everything else that is addressed by its own technical name. Now, how are we to remember, understand and use them in the right context every single time? “ This is the question that is most often asked in our and I always tell our participants that with an experience we hardly notice these words and that they become a part of our vocabulary. But often, confusion surrounds these and in this article today I am trying to define few commonly used terms. What You Will Learn: • • • • • What is a difference between Test plan and Test strategy? The test plan is a term and a deliverable.

The test plan is a document that lists all the activities in a QA project, schedules them, defines the scope of the project, roles & responsibilities, risks, entry & exit criteria, test objective and anything else that you can think of. The test plan is as I like to call a ‘super document’ that lists everything there is to know and need.

Please for more information and a sample. This is also a deliverable and also a document at that. Test strategy outlines the testing approach and everything else that surrounds it. It is different from the test plan, in the sense that a Test strategy is only a subset of the test plan. It is a hardcore test document that is to an extent generic and static. There is also an argument about at what levels test strategy or plan is used- but I really do not see any discerning difference. Example: Test plan gives the information of who is going to test at what time.

For example, Module 1 is going to be tested by “X tester”. If tester Y replaces X for some reason, the test plan has to be updated. On the contrary, a test strategy is going to have details like – “Individual modules are to be tested by test team members.

“ In this case, it does not matter who is testing it- so it’s generic and the change in the team member does not have to be updated, keeping it static. Further reading =>and. What is a difference between Test case and Test script?

In my opinion, these two terms can be used interchangeably. Yes, I am saying there is no difference.

The test case is a sequence of steps that help us perform a certain test on the application. The test script is the same thing. Now, there is one school of thought that test case is a term used in the manual testing environment and test script is used in an automation environment.

This is partly true, because of the comfort level of the testers in the respective fields and also on how the tools refer to the tests (some call test scripts and some call them to test cases). So in effect, test script and test case both are steps to be performed on an application to validate its functionality whether manually or through automation. Further reading =>,,. What is a difference between Test scenario and Test condition?

This is a one line pointer that testers create as an initial, transitional step into the test design phase. This is mostly a one-line definition of “What” we are going to test with respect to a certain feature. Usually, test scenarios are an input for the creation of test cases.

In agile projects, Test scenarios are the only test design outputs and no test cases are written following these. A test scenario might result in multiple tests. Examples test scenarios: 1.

Validate if a new country can be added by the Admin 2. Validate if an existing country can be deleted by the admin 3. Validate if an existing country can be updated Test conditions, on the other hand, are more specific.

It can be roughly defined as the aim/goal of a certain test. Example test condition: In the above example, if we were to test the scenario 1, we can test the following conditions: 1. Enter the country name as “India”(valid )and check for the addition of the country 2. Enter a blank and check if the country gets added. In each case, the specific data is described and the goal of the test is much more precise. Further reading =>What is a difference between Test procedure and Test suite?

The test procedure is a combination of test cases based on a certain logical reason, like executing an end-to-end situation or something to that effect. The order in which the test cases are to be run is fixed.

For example, if I was to test the sending of an email from Gmail.com, the order of test cases that I would combine to form a test procedure would be: 1. The test to check the login 2. The test to compose email 3. The test to attach one/more attachments 4. Formatting the email in the required way by using various options 5. Adding contacts or email addresses to the To, BCC, CC fields 6. Sending email and making sure it is showing in the “Sent Mail” section All the test cases above are grouped to achieve a certain target at the end of them.

Also, test procedures have a few test cases combined at any point in time. The test suite, on the other hand, is the list of all the test cases that have to be executed as a part of a test cycle or a regression phase etc.

There is no logical grouping based on functionality. The order in which the constituent test cases get executed may or may not be important. Example of the test suite: If an application’s current version is 2.0.

The previous version 1.0 might have had 1000 test cases to test it entirely. For version 2 there are 500 test cases to just test the new functionality that is added in the new version. So, the current test suite would be 1000+500 test cases that include both regression and the new functionality. Cx One V4 Keygen Music.

The suite is a combination too, but we are not trying to achieve a target function. Test suites can contain 100s or even 1000s of test cases. Conclusion This brings us to the end of this definition based segment. Usually, articles like these are excellent starting points for deeper discussions. So, please contribute your thoughts, agreements, disagreements and anything else, in the comments below.

We look forward to your feedback. We also welcome your questions about software testing in general or anything related to your testing career. We will address these in more details in our upcoming posts in the same series.

Thanks, Swati S. For helping us to answer these questions. 54 comments ↓ Nagarajan Hi Swati, Very good and informative article!! -Nagarajan Very good article. I would have added more details about the strategyit is something seldom taken into consideration.

The definition that I like best: “A test strategy is an outline that describes the testing approach for testing in the software development cycle. It includes the testing objective and methods of testing.”. Also James Bach description of a strategy is quite nice and simple: Specific, Practical, Justified. Ankur Thanks for clearing my doubts on these most confusing terms.

Jensi Hi, This is very informative blog, In simple Term, Manual testing more commonly called as test case in which include a input value,execution precondition, expected results etc. Test script is like a one type of program written in programming language used in test plan of functionally. Test scenario means to have more test case. Hi, If application is travel portal and changes are happening frequently then how to design test cases for frequent changes in functionliaty. Ramarajan Hi, What is the difference between TestSuite and TestSet? I would like to add smth: “During test implementation the test cases are developed, implemented, prioritized and organized in the test procedure specification (IEEE STD 829-1998). The test procedure specifies the sequence of actions for the execution of a test.

If tests are run using a test execution tool, the sequence of actions is specified in a test script (which is an automated test procedure).” So according to syllabus for exam: test case and test script are different. We can say that test procedure and test script are the same (manual and automated testing). So test script is SEQUENCE OF ACTIONS to execute the test (test – is 1 or more test cases according to IEEE 829). And Test Case is set of input values, exec precondition, expected results and exec post condition. All definitions are from glossary and syllabus for exam.

Taru Hi Swati, Very good and informative article!! – Taru Desai Mihir Mehta To the Author, Article is written in a nice way and looks professional though I tend to disagree on the point that says “Test Strategy” is a subset of “Test Plan”. I think this is wrong. Plan comes out of the Strategy. Test Strategy is the first document that is created in Software Testing Life Cycle and usually created by the people of the Test Manager level. So Test Strategy comes first, Test Plan is the second in the hierarchy, Test Specification (List of test scenarios) is the next to Test Plan, From Test Scenarios, the Test Cases are derived and then the test execution starts.

Sathish hi this is sathish, this is very informative, thank u sathish Mamatha I suggest its helpful if any article regarding importance of automation tools is provided And which is best tool for the starters who don’t have any knowledge on automation tools with good manual testing experience. Farhana Islam I have to write a test plan for load test for a banking software.I just want to know for load test should I have to write a test plan or test strategy or scenario or something else? How can I start to write that as I have no previous experience? Bibhu @Mihir Mehta, As per IEE 829 documentation standard, Test strategy is part of Test Plan document. Please go through the below link. Vivek I am currently doing manual testing.

Is there future only in manual testing? Might And Magic Heroes 6 Скачать Трейнер on this page. Or Do I need to study automation? Which one do you suggest?

Regards Vivek @Claudiu Draghia: Thank you for stopping by and sharing your thoughts @nagarajan, @Ankur: Thank you @Jensi: Thank you for adding your thoughts to the article @Azharuddin Khan: Functionality scope has to be constant for us to write test cases accurately. However, if in real time this is not happening, it can be quite challenging – I will suggest keeping in touch with the developers, designers and BA to stay informed and communicate that frequent changes are going to make testing inaccurate @Ramarajan: Test suite is all the test cases. Test set is a list of test cases that are going to be executed as a group- this might be all or some. Thank you for submitting your question @Jane: Thank you Jane for sharing the definitions @Taru: Thank you Taru. @Mihir Mehta: Thank you for letting us know your thoughts on the subject @sathish: Thank you @Mamatha: Thank you for your suggestion. We will take that under advisement.

@Farhana Islam: Please check our article series on performance testing. I am sure you will find everything you are looking for @Vivek: It depends. If you want to become a manager, it is better to learn Quality Assurance and Project Management subjects. If you want to stay and grow into a much more technical role, then automation might be your next step. In any case, automation knowledge is good to have. Also, skill upgrading is always a necessity. So one way or the other, try automation testing.

It is fun:) chandy To the author Article is good to some extent. But difference between test strategy and Test plan is not correct according to the global standards and all major testing institutions and Boards. Test Strategy is very high level Document when compared to test plan and after test strategy only Test plan will be prepared.

Plz verify IT Mangaladevi P K Thank you. Very informative article. @chandy: Thank you Chandy for letting you know that you differ from us. This is exactly what we wanted to initiate- a brain storming of sorts. We are glad you could contribute Rajiv Gupta Thanks, A very nice and helpful article. Dhaksha Test strategy nothing but type of level of testing like unit testing, integrate testing,system testing acceptance testing.

Test case is nothing but set of producer that use to test the build with vaild and invaild test data by using requirements. Rajahmix Very informative article But im not quite sure about Test procedure and Test suites, I though test procedures are actually test case steps and Test suites are a collection or combination of test cases of related functions within a module. Sandeep Hello, I read this 2-3 times and I came up with certain questions based on my Testing knowledge, Test artefacts knowledge. You mentioned ‘Test Plan’ is a ‘Document’? How a plan is a document? A plan in your ‘Head’ and when it is formally / informally documented it takes shape of Test Plan Document.

You can have a Test Plan and may not have it documented at all? The kind of documentation you are suggesting is based on IEEE Test Plan Document Template created with a different vision or it may also take shape from a ‘organization’ tailored ‘Test Plan Template’. Also, from a Test Management Tool perspective (QC, MSFT – VSTS and others), a ‘Test Plan’ is a ‘collection’ of carefully selected ‘Test Cases’ targeted / being scheduled to be ‘Executed’ for a coming release. When someone ‘Plan’ testing, it is not necessary to have that documented at all unless it is a ‘Necessity’ defined by the ‘Context’ of the software Project / Product being tested. As I learnt and I am completely agree with James Bach over definition of test plan which reads as ‘A good test plan, whether documented or not, expresses a set of choices about the test process’ 2.

In a similar way you described ‘Strategy’ again as a document, No it is not, a test strategy guides your ‘Test Design’, Its not generic, It is Specific to the ‘Product’, ‘Project’, ‘Component’ you are testing. It is not ‘Static’ as well, it is ‘Dynamic’ in nature unless you believe that there is nothing to ‘Learn’ in the system as you go ahead with testing it and from that learning of the system, you have nothing to ‘Optimize’, nothing to ‘Add’, ‘Deprecate’ from your Strategy. As you test the software product, Strategy evolves over the time and that’s the beauty when you look at it once you deliver the software testing information to your manager and feel ‘awesome’ for your ‘Test Strategy’ which helped you in Testing software with ‘Efficiency’, ‘Effectiveness’, ‘Economically’, ‘Aggressively address all risk areas and coverage’. In essence Planning and Strategy should never be confused by ‘Documentation’ tag to it.

Its more than that. I would be glad to hear your comments on it Rohit Totally agree with @Sandeep. Kiran Thank you, this is really helpful to clear basics of testing. But I am not clear or having confusion about defining following things. Methodology 3. If any one can help me to differentiate this, then it will really helpful for me?

Kiran I think Strategy is nothing but a sub set of test plan which defines some set of rules like constraints that we have to follow/focus while using test plan or even during test execution cycle. Pramod Mallick This artucle is very good. I read the article completely including all comments. Thank you all for your contrubution. Here is my understanding on Test Plan and strategy. In some organization test strategy is kept as a separate document and some include test strategy as a sub section in Test plan itself. There is no hard core rule.

As Swati said test strategy is static, it is partly true but not very static in nature. It is updated when the cope of testing changes or a new type of testing is added to the project.

As in my organization test strategy was updated after a year to include 508 testing as per regession suite. But test plan used to update for each release. It maybe once in a quarter for major release and twice in a month for minor release. Any comment on this are welcome. Pramod Mallick Rahul Can you please give some more example about the Test scenario and condition as well as Test procedure and Suite. Thank you Ram K I agree with Mihir Mehta.

Test Strategy is THE first document dreated during the Project Initiation phase. Test Plan follows Thanks Ram rishabh kurmi really i really feel comfort by learn all definition thanks Poonam dullet I have just started software testing course; Please suggest me most important basic things that i need to know to get a good understanding of testing. I’ll be very thakfull to you. Suraj Karale Hi, May i get Scenerious on EMV terminal.

Some plz give me on SENTHIL REALLY NICE ARTICLE Debanjan Thanks a lot Vijay for sharing this wonderful information with us. I do have a question here. What is the difference between test case and test condition? Vasu Hi Its really very informative and well explained vasu krisha Hi nice article who will prepare test plan and who will prepare Test Strategy Cazal Brilliant set of articles, but I’m still a little confused as to the order and hierarchy of documents: Do the Test Scenarios come before the Test Plan? It seems from your daily process for the Orange project that the Test Scenarios, precede the preparation of the Test Plan.

Leith Hi, I am also interested in question from Debanjan in comment #44 “What is the difference between test case and test condition?” sachin duve Hi, how do we create batch file(.bat) to execute selenium test suite when we are adding jar/library files using Maven dependencies. Sree Thanks for your very detailed information Puja Very Helpfull!!! Much appreciatd:) Swati Superbly explained.thanks Sibu Nice and well explained article, i now can distinguish between these terms. Fred Hi Swati, Thanks for your very detailed information. Would you please explain what is test policy? Leave a Comment Name* Email* Website (Optional).

Fascism vs Nazism Nazism is considered to be one form of fascism. Though both Nazism and reject the ideologies of liberalism, Marxism and democracy, these two are different in many aspects. It is hard to make a perfect differentiation between the two. Nazism and Fascism have their origin in the 20th century. While fascism was in vogue between 1919 and 1945, Nazism became popular from 1933 to 1945. Fascism is a term that was originally referred to the fascists of Italy under Mussolini.

Nazism on the other hand, referred as National Socialism, is in an ideological concept of the Nazi Party or the National Socialist German Workers’ Party of Adolf Hitler. In society to form an ‘Organic State’. They were not racial and had no strong opinion of any race. For Fascists, the state was the most important element. The Doctrine of Fascism, which is the authoritative document of the fascism, emphasis on nationalism, corporatism, totalitarianism and militarism.

According to this Doctrine the State is all embracing and no human or spiritual value exists beyond it. But Nazism emphasised on racism. While fascism considered state as important, Nazism considered ‘Aryanism’ as more important. The Nazism doctrine believed in the superiority of the Aryan race.

While fascism was based on certain political ideology, Nazism was blindly based on racial hatred. Nazism considered class based society as enemy and stood for unifying the racial element. But fascism wanted to preserve the class system. The fascists almost accepted the concept of social mobility, while Nazism was against it.

Nazism considered state as a means for the advancement of the master race. But fascism considered state to be a form of nationalism. Fascists considered nationalism as something related to national culture as opposed to other cultures.

Coming to the etymology, fascist comes from fascio, an Italiam word, meaning a union of bundle. Nazi comes from the first two syllables of Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, which is the German language name of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party. Summary 1.Fascism is a term that was originally referred to the fascists of Italy under Mussolini. Nazism on the other hand, referred as National Socialism, is in an ideological concept of the Nazi Party.

2.For Fascists, the state was the most important element. But Nazism emphasised on racism. 3.While fascism considered state as important, Nazism considered ‘Aryanism’ as more important. The above article on National Socialism (Nazism) is incorrect and biased. Nazism was NOT a racial philosophy,nor was Nazi Germany a racial state. It was a (political) NATIONAL SOCIALIST state.

In his “Second Book”,written after “Mein Kampf”,Adolf Hitler described himself as a “Nationalist” and a “Socialist”. In his 1941 New Year’s Speech,Hitler said (about World War 2),”This conflict has arisen because two nations in Europe—-Italy and Germany—are challenging the world system,which is dominated by the United States and England,and the wealth interests who control those two countries.” You see? The REAL enemy of Nazism was CAPITALISM,not other races. In fact,towards the end of the war,Hitler had many different races fighting for him,in his “SS”; Norwegians,Arabs and other Moslems,Danish,Russians,Ukranians,Slavs,Indianseven Tibetans! So no,Nazism was not aboput race. Everyone mind the moron who cites Hitler as his main source. If it hadn’t been for those Capitalist countries, Racial destruction in Europe would have continued on as a REALITY of the Third -fucking- Reich.

Clearly, you don’t understand Nazi Genetics either; are you even aware of what the Aryan Race is? The Aryan People were an ancient warrior tribe that moved from European areas and into the land of India, the German Nazis claiming they were the purest form of this blood line. By reasonable inference we can understand why the the SS opened it’s ranks to non Nordic races, especially when the war against the Soviets turned against them. Now, in regards to Slavic units: Just because they were allowed to fight for Germany doesn’t mean they weren’t considered inferior troops; The fact of the matter is, the SS needed men who knew the country side and knew where to find Jews.

Plain and simple, had Germany won the war, these SS units wouldhave been purged and dumped in nameless graves like the Jews they killed (No different then the extermination of the SA – Hilters main men in the 30’s). Finally, you can’t ignore the fact that the SS, regardless of who was in it, was declared a criminal organization for the relentless slaughter of POW’s and Jews.

As if Hitler claiming the Capitalist powers were bullying him excuses the Schutzstaffel of all the dead, the many suffering to this day of PTSD, and of course, the Holocaust. Tl:dr – You stupid, ignorant Nazi puke learn the history before you pretend all the wrongs are right. You should read history outside the scope of the larger powers. If Operation Barb. Had been even weeks earlier than when it actually occurred, Germany may have won the war right then and there. I recommend you take some time out of your busy day to read about the invasion of Greece which (though a German victory) led to German struggles in North Africa and a delayed start time for the invasion of the Soviet Union and their defeat to Russia’s winter.

Even if Russia hadn’t been invaded do you serious question that the the might of the industrial United States couldn’t have beaten Germany? My friend, if Germany had still been in the war by the time the Atomic bomb was developed I can assure you Germany would still be tasting radiation like Japan is. I’m not saying that’s moral or just, but the truth stands that when her industrial might is focused in for military venture, you better not fuck with large country that is the US. Woah woah woah, simmer down sparky.

If Germany had won against Russia till the end of 1941 they would have had all the resources needed to finish their own nuclear project ( German advantage in nuclear project was lost just at the end of 1942). If we put in the equation the good ally the Germans had in Japan the outcome of WW2 is clear. If Russia hadn’t been invaded at all the all German military forces would’ve been deployed on the western front. Guess who would have been the first victim of German war machine. Germany may have won the war well before 1945 when the atomic bomb was developed or even come first in the nuclear competition.

Racism and anti-semitism was the selling point because a lot of germans felt that they are scammed by jewish in particular in every day life. Nazism can’t be based solely on racism for one easy fact: Hitler was part Jewish, Joseph Mengele, the Angel of Death, was Jewish and many many many nazis were Jewish. Hitler was only getting rid of jews that weren’t subordinates which has nothing to do with race but more with destroying the dissenters. I doubt a racist movement can win a war for one big reason: not enough soldiers. I was reading a book and stumbled across the term “eco-fascist”, then i remembered that my boyfriend freaks out when people confuse that term with Nazism, so I came here looking for answers. Without even reading the comments I noticed there was something off about this article. I know that Hitler had large interests in technological advances as well as social advances (especially in propaganda), but I can’t say I’m an Expert by any means, so can someone please explain to me what the real answer is to the initial question is?

What is the key difference between Nazism and fascism? Linkola, Nazism is a version of fascism. Fascism is a nationalistic socialism where as the Soviet (and for that matter, European) style of socialism is rather “international.” But note that they are all forms of government control socialism.

In Fascism, as exemplified in particular by Germany, Italy and Chile, the leader is charismatic and rules partly though national pride, where as Soviet style socialists are more directly brutal to the populace. All forms of leftist government including fascism and socialism eventually succumb to erosion of personal freedom, tribalism, and some form of holocaust against some group. I would also say that fascism is pretty rare but particularly virulent. While socialism at least strives for a stable happy populace (if under complete control), you pretty much have to kill fascists or they will kill you.

Fascism was a blip in terms of time from the Nazi’s to Pinochet. Socialism still exists. No, Mussolini was with HER.

Hence we saw the attempt still towards one party rule, creating the problem while offering a solution as with Industrial Areas Foundation, then using the biased press to deter opposition candidates providing a choice. Maybe you had the complete answer but deleted the emails? One Trillion raised by bonds to be out into deposit at even 1 percent. Collect interest of 10 billion yearly for HUD Housing. HUD sec 20 housing units at even a high 50,000 per equals 4000 per state yearly. Why could you not fix even one problem with 10+ Trillion the last 8 years? Even better spend half and the other goes back to the bond purchasers as it should.

I must have made a math mistake as they spent 10 trillion and nothing was fixed but an even higher debt service added to the budget. Dang, this is survey level answers to which the elite cannot work with. Fedor’s 25 points make it pretty clear online if you cannot read a book. Although,this article is well-written i must add that it emphasizes mostly towards the hate propaganda of the National socialists i know we all hate “THE NAZIS” coz its cool and easy hahaha.